Business Law Essay Example for Free

Business Law Essay Thought is a fundamental component of a legitimate agreement. The four principle element of an agreement is the offer, the acknowledgment, the thought and the goal to make legitimate connection. Thought alludes to what one gathering to an understanding is giving or promising in return for what is being given or guaranteed by the other contracting party. There are sure principles that oversee a substantial contract.The issue for the situation is whether the understanding was lawfully official upon Dream Design or whether it fizzled for need of thought. On the off chance that the guarantee only satisfies a current authoritative obligation to the promisor, he doesn't give thought to purchase the purchase promisor’s guarantee. The containers were to be conveyed by An and a rate was settled upon between the gathering. After the primary conveyance A requested more cash from K before making any further conveyances to W. K reluctantly consented to pay the additional cash and A proceeded with the conveyance. Later on K would not pay the additional cash to An and A sued K. It was held that A had not offered thought to K to purchase K’s guarantee of additional cash. A couldn't state that making the conveyance was the thought, as A was will undoubtedly make these conveyances under the first agreement. With the instance of Dream Design the thought won't be adequate where an authoritatively obligation as of now exist. The truth of the matter is that Parma Steel and Dream Design conceded to a composed agreement dated October 22, 2009 for the flexibly of created steel at an expense of $165 per ton for â€Å"Grade60,000 and $156 per ton for â€Å"Hard Grade. † For this situation Parma Steel couldn't state that making the conveyances was the thought, as Parma Steel was at that point legally bound to make these conveyances under t he unique agreement. As per Tucker J. there was no thought for the new understanding. The offended party was at that point obliged to convey the litigant merchandise at the rates concurred under the details of the first understanding. The realities comprised monetary pressure however the court needs to decline to authorize the new understanding for the expansion in the costs or the higher charges as it did not have any new thought from the buyer, Dream Design. The provider, Parma Steel guarantee for the remarkable equalization must be excused.

Biography of Bartolomé de Las Casas, Spanish Colonist

Life story of Bartolomã © de Las Casas, Spanish Colonist Bartolomã © de Las Casas (c. 1484â€July 18, 1566) was a Spanish Dominican minister who got popular for his guard of the privileges of the local individuals of the Americas. His courageous remain against the repulsions of the triumph and the colonization of the New World earned him the title â€Å"Defender of the Native Americans. Las Casas endeavors prompted legitimate changes and early discussions about the possibility of human rights. Quick Facts: Bartolomã © de Las Casas Known For: Las Casas was a Spanish homesteader and monk who pushed for better treatment of Native Americans.Born: c. 1484 in Seville, SpainDied: July 18, 1566 in Madrid, SpainPublished Works: A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, Apologetic History of the Indies, History of the Indies Early Life Bartolomã © de Las Casas was brought into the world around 1484 in Seville, Spain. His dad was a dealer and was familiar with the Italian voyager Christopher Columbus. Youthful Bartolomã ©, at that point around 9 years of age, was in Seville when Columbus came back from his first journey in 1493; he may have met individuals from the Taã ­no clan that Columbus carried back with him from the Americas. Bartolom㠩’s father and uncle cruised with Columbus on his subsequent journey. The family turned out to be very well off and had possessions on Hispaniola, an island in the Caribbean. The association between the two families was solid: Bartolomã ©s father in the end mediated with the pope on the matter of making sure about specific rights in the interest of Columbus’s child Diego, and Bartolomã © de Las Casas himself altered Columbus’s travel diaries. Las Casas in the long run concluded that he needed to turn into a cleric, and his father’s new riches permitted him to go to the best schools of the time: the University of Salamanca and the University of Valladolid. Las Casas considered group lawâ and in the long run earned two degrees. He exceeded expectations in his investigations, especially Latin, and his solid scholarly foundation served him well in the years to come. First Trip to the Americas In 1502, Las Casas at last went to see the family property on Hispaniola. By at that point, the locals of the island had been generally stifled, and the city of Santo Domingo was being utilized as a resupply point for Spanish invasions in the Caribbean. The youngster went with the senator on two diverse military missions planned for assuaging those locals who stayed on the island. On one of these excursions, Las Casas saw a slaughter of inadequately equipped locals, a scene he could always remember. He went around the island a lot and had the option to see the vile conditions where the locals lived. The Colonial Enterprise and Mortal Sin Throughout the following hardly any years, Las Casas made a trip to Spain and back a few times, completing his examinations and studying the miserable circumstance of the locals. By 1514, he concluded that he could never again be by and by engaged with the misuse of the locals and repudiated his family possessions on Hispaniola. He became persuaded that the oppression and butcher of the local populace was a wrongdoing as well as a human sin as characterized by the Catholic Church. It was this iron-clad conviction that would inevitably make him such a resolute backer for reasonable treatment of the locals. First Experiments Las Casas persuaded Spanish specialists to permit him to attempt to spare the couple of residual Caribbean locals by removing them from servitude and setting them in free towns, however the demise of Spains King Ferdinand in 1516 and the subsequent disorder over his replacement made these changes be deferred. Las Casas likewise requested and got a segment of the Venezuelan territory for a trial. He accepted he could mollify the locals with religion as opposed to weapons. Tragically, the area that was chosen had been vigorously assaulted by slave dealers, and the natives’ antagonistic vibe toward the Europeans was too exceptional to even think about overcoming. The Verapaz Experiment In 1537, Las Casas needed to attempt again to exhibit that locals could be controlled calmly and that brutality and triumph were pointless. He had the option to convince the crown to permit him to send ministers to an area in north-focal Guatemala where the locals had demonstrated especially wild. His trial worked, and the locals were calmly brought under Spanish control. The analysis was called Verapaz, or â€Å"true peace,† and the area despite everything bears the name. Lamentably, when the area was managed, settlers took the grounds and subjugated the locals, fixing practically all of Las Casas’ work. Demise Further down the road, Las Casas turned into a productive essayist, voyaged as often as possible between the New World and Spain, and made partners and foes in all sides of the Spanish Empire. His History of the Indies-a straight to the point record of Spanish imperialism and the enslavement of the locals was finished in 1561. Las Casas spent his last years living at the College of San Gregorio in Valladolid, Spain. He passed on July 18, 1566. Heritage Las Casas’ early years were set apart by his battle to grapple with the repulsions he had seen and his comprehension of how God could permit this sort of enduring among the Native Americans. A significant number of his counterparts accepted that God had conveyed the New World to Spain as a compensation of sorts to urge the Spanish to keep on taking up arms upon apostasy and excessive admiration as characterized by the Roman Catholic Church. Las Casas concurred that God had driven Spain to the New World, yet he saw an alternate purpose behind it: He trusted it was a test. God was trying the unwavering Catholic country of Spain to check whether it could be simply and kind, and in Las Casas’ supposition, the nation fizzled God’s test pitiably. It is notable that Las Casas battled for equity and opportunity for the New World locals, however it is much of the time neglected that his affection for his comrades was similarly as amazing. At the point when he liberated the locals taking a shot at the Las Casas family property in Hispaniola, he did it as much for his spirit and those of his relatives as he accomplished for the locals themselves. In spite of the fact that broadly slandered in the years after his demise for his investigates of imperialism, Las Casas is presently observed as a huge early reformer whose work helped prepare for the freedom religious philosophy development of the twentieth century. Sources Casas, Bartolomã © de las, and Francis Sullivan. Indian Freedom: the Cause of Bartolomã © De Las Casas, 1484-1566: A Reader. Sheed Ward, 1995.Casas, Bartolomã © de las. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. Penguin Classics, 2004.Nabokov, Peter. â€Å"Indians, Slaves, and Mass Murder: The Hidden History.† The New York Review of Books, 24 Nov. 2016.

Can active reading actually improve your grades

Can active reading actually improve your grades Can active reading actually improve your grades? If we told you that during your time at university, changing how you're reading material could make a difference to the grade with which you graduate, would you believe us? Just like anything that requires practise to be better â€" like piano playing, baking, tennis â€" reading is a skill. You can work on it to improve your ability, and in turn increase your chances of success at university. Now, what type of reader are you? When you first read the title of this article, did you think about what its contents might entail? Did you make an assessment of how useful this article might be and consciously decide to read it based on that? Or, are you just browsing? The point we’re trying to make here is that there is a difference between reading say, a fictional book or an article in a glossy magazine, and the reading you need to do at university. Sounds obvious, but you may be surprised by just how many students don’t take an active role in their academic reading. Being active when reading can make a tremendous difference to how much you learn. And being able to learn a lot in a short space of time is particularly important for two reasons. First, at university there is a lot of reading to do. If you are taking multiple classes in multiple different subjects, then this becomes even more significant. Second, not everything you’ll read will be interesting (in the same way that a novel you have chosen to read might be). So it pays to have great reading skills. This blog post is designed to offer you some strategies for active reading, along with some tips and tricks about what to do when you are short on time and need to get through the basics of the material. Active reading â€" what is it? The Cambridge English Dictionary describes being passive as “not acting to influence or change a situation.” This is true of passive reading â€" when you are reading passively, you’re not analysing, critiquing or assessing the material being read. Conversely, active reading requires far more involvement from the reader; it works like a discussion between the reader and the material. The active reader does not just sit there and flip through the assigned pages, but engages with the reading and critiques the development of ideas. There are three parts to the reading process: before reading, during reading, and after reading. All three parts have a function, but the way they are approached is different for active and passive readers. Before reading, an active reader will seek out the title, think about the topic and look at the learning outcomes/subheadings for the reading. During reading, the active reader will break the material into manageable chunks and maintain focus. He or she might ask questions that they hope will be answered later in the chapter. After reading, an active reader will recall what has been read and summarise what they have learned. How can you become an active reader, or improve further on your active reading skills? It takes practice and perseverance to master this skill, but it’s certainly not impossible. The following techniques will help you hone your reading abilities. Common techniques for active reading Skim-reading Skimming is a process of absorbing the main point without going into too much detail. If you are absolutely pressed for time, this is the minimum amount of work you should do. For an active reader this is only the first step. But if an exam is looming, reviewing the headings, topic sentences of each section, chapter introduction and summary offers at least some insight into what the chapter will contain. For an active reader, skimming becomes the ‘before reading’ component as described above. It gives you the main topics you are going to review in the reading. Critical reading Critical reading is the questioning part of the reading process. Critical reading and active reading are almost synonymous. When you are reading critically, you are assuming that the author has made choices about what they are including in their own writing. It is your job as the reader to navigate what they are saying, to understand it, and to determine how the writing fits in to the larger picture. Being critical does not necessarily mean being negative, though that certainly can be one component that occurs in the critical reading process. Scanning Scanning differs than skimming because with scanning you are looking for the response to a particular question. Scanning might be helpful if you are trying to answer a specific question (e.g. from the end of the chapter review or learning outcomes). Scanning is a useful tool for the ‘after reading’ process if you are having difficulty clarifying a particular point from the reading. The SQ3R method One of the main reading strategies that students can find useful is the SQ3R method, which asks students to survey (S), question (Q), read, recall, and review (3R). It is important to note that the SQ3R method is a higher-level study skill, and something that you are going to use to read academic material like journal articles, textbooks, or research studies. You’ll likely have a far greater level of comprehension at the end of this process than if you employ a reading technique discussed above, but it takes time to complete. This is key with academic reading: while you will get faster at the overall process, it still is going to take you much longer to read than your favourite novel. The outcome, however, is likely going to be a better score on the essay or exam linked to the reading, so taking the time to complete this strategy might be well worth it in the end. So what’s involved with the SQ3R method of reading? Survey You begin with a skim of the title of the chapter, the introduction, the table of contents, any illustrations, photos, charts or graphs, and the summary paragraph at the end of the chapter. At this point you are looking for any strange vocabulary that you are unfamiliar with (and if you find some, you are going to want to look up the definitions before you get to the next stages). You are also trying to figure out what the main point of the chapter will be and what arguments you think will be developed. Surveying should not take you long â€" maybe just a few minutes or so. What you are trying to do is get the main point and orient yourself with the ideas that are still to come. Question Here, as the title suggests, you are looking to answer four main questions: What is the main point? What evidence supports this main point? What examples are being used as evidence? How is this related to the rest of the chapter/article or to other parts of the book, or to you as a student/human? One way that you might want to get started with this is to turn the first heading or the first sentence of each paragraph into a question. By doing this, you are effectively telling yourself what you need to look for in order to find that main point. A point to remember with this stage is that not only are you creating a question with that first heading, but you are also looking to answer it. If you only create the question, you are not really meeting the criteria here and putting yourself at a disadvantage. Read A fairly self-explanatory step, you next need to sit down and read the entire material. Do your best to stay focused on the material. It can be difficult to focus for long periods of time, so try and break your readings up into 25-minute chunks with a five-to-ten-minute break after each session. This will help your brain stay active and involved in the task. Read our article on The Pomodoro Technique â€" how to break your task load down into chunks for better productivity > In addition, we know that taking notes while reading increases the level of retention, so it is important that you note-take while doing bulk reading. These notes do not have to be particularly detailed, but they should probably be handwritten (because this leads to even better retention rates). You can write notes in a notebook or just add them to the margins of whatever you are reading. If you are using a highlighter, do so sparingly. Your goal is not to become really good at highlighting; your goal is to understand and retain the information in the chapter. Recall Sometimes referred to as ‘recite’ rather than ‘recall’ (though the purpose remains much the same), this step requires you try and verbalise what you have read in a section or chapter. Here, you want to close the book and explain to yourself (out loud preferably) what you understood and how the questions you initially posed were answered in their entirety. This step is great for wheedling out what you don’t really know. If you can’t verbalise what you have read, you probably didn’t fully understand it in the first place. So, open the book and skim the section again, they try to recall once more. While some people only like to recall after they have read an entire chapter, others like to do it after every section. This choice is up to you, but trying to recall a long chapter might be particularly challenging and your retention may end up being limited. Review The final step in the active reading process is the review; it may be last, but it is certainly not least in importance. This process seeks to combat our human tendency to forget what we read after time has passed. It involves going over your notes repeatedly, or re-thinking about the larger perspective on the topics within the material. In the lead up to an exam, reviewing your notes and the material daily is advised. If you are not necessarily preparing for a test, a weekly review should suffice. In summary... To recap, we kicked off above with discussing the difference between active and passive reading. Try wherever you can in your university studies to be an active reader â€" save the passiveness for your recreational reading. Then we covered some of the more common types of active reading, as well as the SQ3R method, which requires time and effort to master but will be very worth it, if you choose to use it. Don’t be afraid to try and use these reading strategies as you work to become a stronger reader of academic texts. By regularly practising active reading, you will increase your ability to retain information, become better at understanding texts more quickly, and improve your critiquing skill â€" a wholly fundamental part of essay writing and answering exam questions. Remember too, that changing old habits take time, and active reading may take you a while to master; persevere and you are likely to become a much better overall reader, and student. You may also like... How to write a first-class essay and ace your degree Everything you need to know about exam resits Great essay writing in 8 steps critical readingessay preparationexam preparationreadingstudy tipstaking notes

Wal-Mart Comparison - 1575 Words

Wal-Mart Essay Comparison These essays that talk about Wal-Mart and how the company is ran are, â€Å"The Case for Wal-Mart†, and also â€Å"Down and Out in Discount America†, both of these essays have their own points of view on how Wal-Mart operates as a company and how it treats the employees and customers. One essay feels that Wal-Mart is a good thing for the economy while the other feels that it is a bad thing. The first essay, â€Å"The Case for Wal-Mart†, says that there are many accusations against Wal-Mart. They state that they don’t pay the workers in other countries enough money. They also state that they do not pay their part time workers any benefits. The essay does state that they give jobs to people that should not be able to have a†¦show more content†¦They both seemed to have strong feelings about the things that they were stating. The second essay, â€Å"Down and Out in Discount America† has a slightly different point of view on things. They start off by letting you know that on the biggest shopping day of the year, Wal-Mart did not meet its expectations for selling things as cheap as they advertised them to be. They are trying to tell you that Wal-Mart advertises low prices but can’t really make them that low. It states that Wal-Mart makes prices low by trying to attract low income people and especially women. They want them to shop there because it is the only place that they can afford and they know that they will get all they can for their money there. They state that Wal-Mart stores get planted in the center of poor towns. It is stated that Wal-Mart is just making money off of poverty. Saying that Wal-Mart reaches out to the poor, and then pays their employees low wages so that they have to shop their also. Putting their money right back into Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart employees make about $8 an hour and they have to make less than that if they want insurance or any benefits. They state that Wal-Mart violates laws protect ing workers organizing rights and has fired people for trying to get a union in the company. They say that there are many cases of Wal-Mart getting sued for not paying enough and for not following women’s rights. The essay tells you that since Wal-Mart pays their employees low amounts ofShow MoreRelatedTarget vs Wal Mart - Retailers Comparison2149 Words   |  9 PagesName: Mariam Wagdy Yousef ID : 006001519 Course : Retail Marketing Wal Mart VS Target Battle of the Retailers Over the last 15 years, Wal-Mart has become a retail giant, changing forever the retail landscape in the US. Wal-Mart is a national leader in virtually every retail category in which they compete. However, at about the same time, Target has emerged as a major competitor and with an almost equal presence in the American Market. Before I start talking about both in more detailsRead MoreGlobal Business Strategy : Wal Mart And Sam s Club Chains1086 Words   |  5 Pagesproduct line did not persuade the shopping habits of many non-American shoppers. (Wall Street Journal, 2013) Macro Environment The Wal-Mart / Sam’s Club chains are the biggest retail companies that operate within the United States of America. The company has received the first position in the Fortune 500 Index Fortune Magazine for a substantial number of years (Wal-Mart History, 2014). The company has managed to embrace a distinct corporate strategy whose goal revolves around dominance into the alreadyRead MoreComparison of B2B and B2C Companies1062 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of B2B and B2C Companies This report is a supply chain comparison between two companies in which one is a business-to-business (B2B) model company and the other is a business-to-consumers (B2C) model company. The comparison will be between the companies Wal-Mart and Grainger. Wal-Mart is a well-known conglomerate known around the world that is in the retail business that seeks to sell products to consumers at a significantly reduced discount compared to its rivals. Grainger sellsRead MoreWal-Mart vs K-Mart Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesWAL-MART VS K-MART: A COMPARISON OF TWO BUSINESS STRATEGIES By Jason Ramirez Management amp; Strategy Wal-Mart and K-Mart are two of the largest and most successful retail outlets in the country. Both retailers have been around for fifty years and made their success out of low cost retailing. In 1990 Wal-Mart surpassed K-Mart as the largest retail outlet in the country. In this paper I will discuss the strategies being used by both firms, the success/failures of these strategies andRead MoreWalmart Benefits the Community Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesWal-Mart has branded stores in all 50 states and in over 27 countries. Wal-Mart started with humble roots in 1962 by Sam Walton in the small town of Bentonville, Arkansas. Within thirty years, the small local discount retailer grew to one of the largest retail companies in the United States of America. Now it stands as the largest retailer in the world. As the largest retailer, Wal-Mart has gained many detractors. In The Case for Wal-Mart, Karen De Coster and Brad Edmonds recognize how peopleRead MoreCostco vs. Wal-Mart1282 Words   |  6 PagesCostco vs. Wal-Mart With $401.2 billion revenues, the retailing giant, Wal-Mart, has been ranked as the 2nd place of 2009 Fortune 500 companies. This company is seen as the most successful business in the world today but also viewed as the vital indicator to observe the status of financial crisis recovery. Wal-Mart has won market share during the recession by offering customers lower prices as its successful marketing strategy. Moreover, Wal-Mart is long for expanding its kingdom all over the worldRead MoreFinancial Planning At The Fast Food Market1252 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancing. However, Walton soon parted ways with Butler Brothers, the Ben Franklin parent company, did not share his â€Å"every-day low prices† ideals (Herman 2016) (Sam Walton-Bargain Basement Billionaire 2016) (The Rise of Wal-Mart 2016). Walton teamed up with his brother, Bud to open Wal-Mart Discount City in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas after securing funds from mortgaging his house and bank assistance. Franchise regulations were later introduced during the 70s and 80s that aimed to regulate the sales of franchisesRead MoreChanging Consumer Habits Of Wal Mart988 Words   |  4 PagesChanging Consumer Habits Consumer spending habits have altered radically since the 1990s when Wal-Mart first saw huge growth in its sales and market share. In the 1990s, the use of online shopping was still in its infancy and mobile shopping was not prevalent until the late 1990s and early 2000s (Merchant, 2011). Online retail shopping has become increasingly common among consumers, and among online retail shoppers, increasing numbers of consumers are using mobile devices (Siwicki, 2014). In theRead MoreThe Financial Metrics Of Wal Mart1274 Words   |  6 Pages The table above details the financial metrics of Wal-Mart and Amazon for the years 2009 and 2010. We can describe the financial performance of both the companies based on the table above. Before comparing metrics of both the companies we should know that supply chains of both companies are slightly different. Amazon is a mixture of efficient and responsive supply chain while Wal-Mart shifts slightly towards efficient. Wal-Mart’s main mode of business is bricks and mortar while Amazon is an onlineRead MoreWal Mart Is A Public Corporation1300 Words   |  6 Pages Founded by Sam Walton, Wal-Mart is a global discount retailer headquartered in Bentonville, a small city in Arkansas, USA. Wal-Mart is a public corporation, the largest public corporation by revenue, one of the biggest retailers in the world, and its stock is traded in several international stock exchanges. Walmart has grown over the last 50 years, nearly 260 million customers visit our more than 11,500 stores under 63 banners in 28 countries and ecommerce sites in 11 countries each week. With fiscal

Hiv Stands For Human Immunodeficiency Virus. If The Virus

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus. If the virus goes untreated it can lead to AIDS. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. HIV attacks the body’s immune system such as the T cells. T cells help fight off infection. When it goes untreated, it decreases the number of T cells in a person’s body. This leads to AIDS, which is the last stage of HIV. AIDS occur when the immune system is severely damaged and you become more prone to infections. When the T cell count is lower than 200, then you’ve moved on to this stage. People who have AIDS usually live up to 3 years subsequently. Symptoms vary depending on what stage the person is in. There’s three stages. The early stage, the clinical latency stage, and AIDS. Not all†¦show more content†¦HIV can only be spread through bodily fluids such as blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breastmilk. HIV is mainly spread by sex or sharing needles. A woman could pass it on to her child during pregnancy. This is called mother-to-child. Many years ago, people could get HIV from receiving a blood transfusion or organ transplant if the owner had it. Now it’s very rare to contract HIV in that type of way. Blood and organs are tested for diseases and a number of other things. You cannot get HIV from shaking hands, hugging, or from a little peck on the lips. There are a number of ways to prevent from getting HIV. You and your partner should go get tested so you can know each other’s status before participating in sex. Try a different type of sexual intercourse other than anal and vaginal. Oral sex is much safer, but that doesn’t mean you can’t get it. It’s just a much lower risk of getting it. Be careful of the number of sex partners you have. The more people you sleep with, the more you’re at risk. You never know who has something. If you are at a high risk of getting HIV, you should try PrEp. PrEP stands for pre-exposure prophylaxis. You take medicine each day to prevent catching it. This method should be used with other precautions such as condoms. Birth control does not prevent this. The body recognizes that there’s a foreign antigen and sends it to the lymph system. The antigen gets the T cellsShow MoreRelatedHiv Stands For Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This Is A898 Words   |  4 PagesHIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. This is a sexually transmitted disease that will eventually morph itself into a disease known as AIDS, which stands for acquired immunodeficiency. HIV breaks down the immune system where it becomes extremely difficult to fight diseases that attack the body. Though HIV is most commonly transferred sexually, other way like through contact with infected blood, or from a mother to a baby through child birth, and if that doesn’t do it then the person who isRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1359 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The virus has infected two million adults and children by the year 2005 already. The viru s continues to race around the world, and new HIV infections are at 50,000 per year (Martine Peeters, Matthieu Jung, Ahidjo Ayouba) (2013). The final outcome of the HIV infection is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). There are many treatments that have developed to help the large numberRead MoreModern Day Methods Of Contracting1113 Words   |  5 Pagesthe SIV virus from these non-human primates is discussed as well. As a result of these transmissions, the human immunodeficiency virus is brought to life. In this paper, this virus and its journey throughout history will be explained. Also, HIV and the different subfields this virus can be classified in are discussed throughout the research. As well as the where this virus was contracted, about the time when, and how it was possible. Also, the modern day methods of contracting this virus are listedRead MoreHIV and Aids are something that have been a major problem in a large part of the world for many1400 Words   |  6 PagesHIV and Aids are something that have been a major problem in a large part of the world for many years. These viruses have destroyed many families and have taken many people’s lives. There are many different ways for a person to receive the virus. As of today, there is still no cure for these horrible diseases. Until scientists and doctors are able to find a medicine that can cure them, many people will continue to be affected by these diseases. This research paper will break down each virusRead MoreMovie Analysis : Forrest Gump 829 Words   |  4 Pagessome kind virus. And the doctor don’t, they don’t know what it is. And there isn’t anything they can do it. (Movie Quotes Database, 2014) Although the director did not tell the audience what Jenny affected, whereas according to the timeline of this movie we can infer that Jenny was dead in 1982, and the doctors did not know what the disease is. This virus could be HIV probably. Until today, the HIV continues to be hazardous virus and no effective treatment to cure. The best way to remedy HIV are earlyRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )862 Words   |  4 Pagesshown that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of AIDS. More than 33.4 million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus today. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a virus similar to that of the flu or common cold. The differentiating factor is that with the flu and cold, your body will eventually clear the virus out of your system, but with the HIV virus, the immune system cannot clear it. Getting HIV means you have it for life. The virus immediately beginsRead MoreHiv And Its Effects On Children1149 Words   |  5 PagesHIV What is HIV? HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. Infection by this virus frequently leads to AIDS – acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Viral infection initially causes a flu-like illness characterized by fever, sore throat, headache, rash, gastrointestinal discomfort, and body aches (mylagias). The virus tends to stay dormant for months or years while it is slowly killing immune cells – especially CD4 cells. Individuals with high viral loads and low CD4 cell counts have high viralRead MoreHiv/Aids854 Words   |  4 Pages------------------------------------------------- REACTION PAPER â€Å"HIV / AIDS† I. Title: HIV / AIDS Date: December 10, 2011 Name of speaker: Darius Umande II. Overview of the topic As I have learned from my past lessons in high school and elementary, HIV which stands for human immunodeficiency virus is a kind of virus, specifically lentivirus, that causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome better known as AIDS. As what our high school teacher taught us, HIV can be transmitted commonly from personRead MoreHiv And The Human Body1175 Words   |  5 PagesStates alone, 1.1 million people are living with HIV. Additional people become sick, but people continue to spread the virus to others. Do people even know what HIV is? Do they know what this virus does to their body? Such questions make it necessary to examine what can be done. What is HIV; how do people get HIV; and what is being done to help them? HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Humans are the only beings that can get this infection. The HIV infection can find and attack a significantRead MoreHow Hiv Is Transmitted From One Individual988 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing how HIV is transmitted from one individual to another through a number of ways which include: unprotected sex, sharing injecting equipment and other needles, pregnancy, childbirth and breast feeding, and blood transfusion; various treatments available to affected individuals to prolong and enable them to live a healthy life as there is currently no cure for HIV; and finally the psycho-social aspects involved in HIV infection including fear and loss, hopelessness

International Student Organization Free Essays

International student organization. East Carolina University is a university with enrollment around 30,000 students; 299 of them is international students from 67 countries. When students choose to attend the university; they begin a new part of life. We will write a custom essay sample on International Student Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many students go to study in other cities, and some students go to other countries. America is a very popular and high-class education that is valued all over the world, and of course a lot of students from other countries want to get a degree here. People in different countries behave differently: religion, ethnicity, geographic location and quality of life plays an important role in the behavior of people. Therefore, students that come to America from other countries have more difficulty than those who were born and raced here. Foreign students need time to adjust to a different culture, a different language, and many other things. A possible way for international student to deal with the complexities of ECU joins the International Student Organization (ISA). The ISA help international students understand American culture and feel more like at home by having festivals, shopping and field trips and a lot of different events. The ISA , one of over 200 student organizations at ECU, is mostly composed of foreign exchange students, or students who were not born in America although. The meetings and club are open to anyone who wants to join. The main reason it was setup was to give international students an opportunity to gain a greater understanding of the American culture in part through a campus experience, and also to offer non-international ECU students, with an interest in one cultures, knowledge and experience in working with individuals from other backgrounds. It also allows international and American students to share experience and learn about other cultures at personal point of view. The ISA cooperating with International House provides a special orientation for international students through the â€Å"First friend program† (FFP) so that new students do not feel lonely. International Ports O’Call stage of PirateFest The International student organization was involved in many activities and events. One of the biggest events in which ISA was involved in was the Pirate festival. PirateFest gives international students a chance to share their culture to help others understand them etter. This â€Å"annual event celebrates eastern North Carolina’s rich history steeped with famous pirates, including the infamous Blackbeard and Greenville’s own Pirates of ECU† (Mike Davis), and encourages people to wear pirate regalia-hats, swords, and eye patches. The festival is held over two days and is composed of different stages, each of which represents a different event. The event feature food, art and crafts vendors and also musical and stage performers. Historical trolley tours stage is a very useful and interesting part of the festival because it’s a great way to move around the festival especially for international students who do not know the location of streets in the city. One of the most interesting stages for international students was the â€Å"International Ports O’Call† because includes music, food, and attractions from nations around the world, and it will definitely help international students to feel more like at home and make it hard to forget about their culture. For international students who are coming to study in another country it is hard to find friends. It is not easy to get used to the different behavior of people and be open to new acquaintances. Therefore, and in cooperation with ISA the international house created the program called â€Å"First friend program†(FFP). To be involved in FFP both mentor and mentee must fill out an application, which has questions that help determine the background, interests, preferences and other information needed to help decide the best mentee-mentee match. The FFP is really easy because by filling out an application you know that you’ll meet someone who has same interests as you. The FFP helps international students to adjust to life at ECU as quickly and smoothly as possible, and also enhance satisfaction with their academic and social experience. This program is very useful for students because they will not feel lonely and homesick, they are able to meet new friends and also international students can learn the nuances of culture from the inside, as well as be more successful in learning. Besides homework, tests and grades, a student social life is fun, but it is not always easy to find entertainment that are always enjoy. Many international students don’t have a car and therefore their possibilities are limited, but the international house â€Å"every Friday makes shopping trips†(William Mallett). Drivers take students where they want to go and take them back to residence after shopping. Also every Thursday students can go to greenway excursions. Playing sports and socializing in the fresh air, very useful and at the same time you can see new parts of the city as well as make new friends. Most people believe that studying in a different country is a privilege because they are able to experience other cultures, and learn from them. However, in the United States it is not as good as they thought because International students have much more pressure being in this country, and sometimes they cannot handle it very well. Therefore, in the United States the life of an international student is very unfavorable if people compare it to the life of an American student. International students have to learn a new language to study, they cannot work while studying, and their tuition is much more expensive. When people moves to the United Stated to study they imagine that it will be very helpful, and they believe that learning a new language will not be a problem. However, when they really start studying their major, they find out that it is not easy since people have to really understand and appreciate the language. International students have to really learn English, and they have to know how to write it in order to have success. Also, for them to have success in university they have to participate in class, and analyze an amount of readings, and because they are international students, it is very difficult to achieve since they believe that Americans are going to laugh at them or make jokes of them if they say something incorrectly. For example, some Americans do not realize sometimes how hard is for international students being in a different country, with different people, learning a new language, and experiencing different cultures, so some of them do not really appreciate the effort that international students put on being in the United States. It’s way more pressure for international students. They have to have good grades and work as hard as possible, because if not people back home going to put a lot of shame on them and their parents. Studying in different country it is always competition for international students, but if students choose right University where people care about international students and trying to help it shouldn’t be that hard. International student organization definitely helps students from other countries feel more comfortable and less homesick, so they can you do best in classes to compete with other student on the same level. Work cited. Mike,Davis. â€Å"Arrrgh you ready for Pirate Fest? † East Carolinian, 12 April 2012 . Web. 1 November. Mallet,William â€Å"International Student Organization. † 30 october. 2012 MALLETTW@ecu. edu Personal page Office of International Affairs www. ecu. edu/intlaffairs/ How to cite International Student Organization, Essay examples

Visual Pollution Essay Example

Visual Pollution Paper I wanted to go deeper in this investigation and find out why, and does it really confirm pollution because I know I dont get polluted by seeing a road sign. The features covered by visual pollution policy include: 1 . Factories 2. Sheds 3. Buildings 4. Fences 5 Signs 6. Indicating 7 . Ex. imminent 8. Graffiti 9. Stored unsightly material 10. Ageing construction 1 1 -any other unsightly material considered a problem by the Council. The government cut down your taxes if you pay for something that will make you money. If you buy something for your business you would not be taxed n it. If you by a adverting sign and walk down the road with it ( advertising your business) it will be against the law. This was clearly said in the taxpayer office. Is the taxpayer entitled to a deduction under subsection 40-755(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (IOTA 1 997) for vegetating an area used in their income earning activities for the purposes of providing a visual effect and preventing erosion? Decision No. The taxpayer is not entitled to a deed auction for the cost of vegetating an area under subsection of the IOTA 1997, as the expenditure is not in elation to an eligible environmental protection activity. The government care for the environment. By penalizing the offender should stop the pollution and it did work because my boss never advertised again. Any distraction what so ever is a pollution. The ME states that although eyesores are sometimes loosely referred to as visual pollution, pollution does not include merely presenting an unattractive or unappealing appearance. Anything you want to look at is pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So why isnt a billboard a pollution. You are driving down the freeway km/h and you see a meter billboard tit a picture of a half naked women with a massive heading saying SEX is this not against the law, I know plenty of male drivers who would want to look at it. My point being is and why I am arguing is because the council is taking advantage of everything. Most other councils will let visual pollution go however the Whittles council disagree and will put fines up to $ 1500 for the smallest Of visual sighting. We are in a free society and people have the right to look, I believe the law should be taken off all together. It is the local law of Whittles and it will be braking the law with on the spot fines if you: Issues include: Littering Keeping animals Roadside selling Displaying goods on footpaths Incinerators Unsightly premises Vehicles on private property The reason they put the laws is for our safety and the communitys quality of life. Fair enough we cannot sell or display goods so we can download a form from the councils website. Their was NO form or law stating Visual pollution. If it was a law you could even apply to be accepted but their isnt even a form. Here is nothing stating anything about pollution or my argument visual elution. As we rang the Whittles council and one of the senior officers answered they said it is against council rules to advertise off your property. Even thou they have nothing on paper in doing so. As I dug deeper in the investigation finally found something that would be braking the law for visual pollution. And that was Unsightly land. Your property must look clean and no mess. Their is no law on anything about visual pollution. All it is that your tax wont be deducted from advertisement. The only law that can be fined is car advertisement.

5 Reasons Why The Future of Healthcare Jobs Are Bright

5 Reasons Why The Future of Healthcare Jobs Are Bright Job seekers are looking to the healthcare field as one of the fastest growing occupational sources in the United States. Over the years 2012 to 2022, healthcare-related jobs are expected to account for one of the highest sectors in job growth, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Not since 2008 has the hospital industry made the number of jobs available as it has since the last quarter of 2014. Aside from hospital workers, employees are needed to fill positions in physician’s offices, urgent care clinics and home healthcare jobs. A convergence of events has made this an exciting time if you are seeking a job in healthcare. That being said, here are 5 reasons why the future of healthcare jobs are bright: 1.  Increasing Population of Elderly PeopleAmerica is growing older, and baby boomers are reaching a time when they require medical services such as geriatric medicine. For an increasing number of older Americans, home healthcare is required. Increases in mind-alterin g diseases such as Alzheimer’s, diabetic-associated problems and cardiac disease raises the demand for healthcare providers. In addition, with an emphasis on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, older Americans are visiting their doctors and becoming involved in wellness programs, all of which require trained professionals to meet the demand. Ancillary services such as those that provide durable medical equipment are also increasing.2. Better Healthcare AvailabilityWith the passage of the Affordable Care Act, more Americans are gaining access to healthcare services. Under the ACA, the insured are able to visit the doctor, have their eyes examined and get laboratory tests done. This means that increasing numbers of optometrists, physicians, physician’s assistants, nurses and laboratory technicians are necessary.In the next 10 years, the population is expected to grow by nine percent in the United States, increasing the need for more healthcare providers and personnel. In ad dition, with better medical care for chronic conditions, such as kidney disease that requires continuing treatment, the expansion of dialysis centers will require trained technicians.3.  Evolution of Healthcare RecordsAs healthcare reform is implemented, paperless medical records are replacing paper charts. Hospitals, medical offices and insurance companies are turning to electronic medical records. This relies on transcriptionists, computer experts and technicians to help bring about the transformation and maintain the records.4. Wellness ProgramsMore businesses and facilities are offering wellness programs. This is in line with the recognition that wellness is about more than medicine. Nutritionists, therapists and others are finding jobs in this proactive addendum to routine healthcare.5. Increased Jobs in the Hospital SectorAlthough the economy began to recover after March 2010, hospitals were not adding jobs. That changed in 2014. In the last quarter of that year, 100,000 job s were added, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This surge is expected to continue with approximately 28.1 percent growth in ancillary healthcare jobs accompanied by a 21.5 percent growth spike in the number of medical providers.According to Forbes, healthcare jobs have grown exponentially, and the growth does not seem to be slowing. Job search services such as TheJobNetwork are available to help you look for opportunities in the burgeoning healthcare field. This free service is easy to use and provides alerts via email to let you know when healthcare jobs are available.

Top 10 Confused Words in English [I-L]

Top 10 Confused Words in English [I-L] Top 10 Confused Words in English [I-L] Top 10 Confused Words in English [I-L] By Maeve Maddox Seven of these ten commonly confused word pairs beginning with the letters I-L are frequent enough to have earned one or more full posts at Daily Writing Tips. You’ll find links at the end of each item. 1. illicit / elicit Illicit is an adjective meaning, â€Å"not allowed by law or social conventions.† Elicit is a verb meaning, â€Å"to draw out a reply or reaction.† 2. imply / infer Increasing numbers of speakers ignore the distinction between these words, but it remains a useful one. Imply is â€Å"to suggest indirectly.† Infer is â€Å"to draw a conclusion.† Related posts: Confused Words #6: Imply vs. Infer Imply and Infer 3. it’s / its Despite the hundreds, perhaps thousands of explanations to be found on the Web regarding the difference between these two spellings, the mistake of writing it’s for its remains the most common written error of them all. It’s is the contracted form of the words it and is. Its is the possessive adjective that corresponds to his and their: Max has dyed his hair red. The children have passed their exams. The cat has paint on its tail. Related posts: It’s or Its? The Truth About â€Å"It’s† 4. jibe / jive The most common error with this pair is to use jive, a word that derives from musical terminology, in a context that calls for jibe, a word that means, â€Å"to agree with.† Here are two correct uses of the word jibe: His interpretation of the law doesn’t jibe with mine. Your explanation does not jibe with the facts. Related posts: Gibe, Gybe, Jibe, and Jive 5. loath / loathe Loath (pronounced with an unvoiced th like the one in thin) is an adjective originally meaning hostile, angry, or spiteful. In modern usage it means averse, disinclined, reluctant, or unwilling, as in this New York Times headline:† Inquiry Goes To Committee That May Be Loath to Act.† A variant spelling is loth. Loathe (pronounced with a voiced th like the one in this) is a verb meaning â€Å"to feel strong aversion for† as in the title of a TED topic: â€Å"Why Do So Many People Loathe Their Jobs?† Note: TED is a nonprofit organization that sponsors and broadcasts lectures on various social issues. The name is an acronym formed from the words Technology, Entertainment, and Design. Related posts: Verb Mistakes #5: Loathe â€Å"Loath† and â€Å"Loathe† 6. loose / lose Loose can function as a verb meaning â€Å"to free† or â€Å"to release,† but its most common use is as an adjective to mean, â€Å"not tight.† Lose is a verb that has various connotations of loss. For example, a person may lose his way in the woods. The past tense of lose is lost. Related posts: Confused Words #3: Lose, Loose, Loss Loose or Lose? 7. latter / ladder As a noun, latter means â€Å"the person or thing mentioned second of two.† A ladder is an appliance of wood or other material, consisting of a series of bars/rungs/steps/ fixed between two supports. Speakers who do not distinguish clearly between the sounds of t and d may misspell latter as ladder, as in these examples: INCORRECT: There are two modes to constructed play: Casual, and Ranked. Some people choose the former, some people choose the ladder.- Gaming site. CORRECT : There are two modes to constructed play: Casual, and Ranked. Some people choose the former, some people choose the latter. INCORRECT: Many police officers know that much of their job is to collect revenue. It’s now apparent, that when given the option to conduct extortion or not, they will choose the ladder.- A talk radio website. CORRECT : Many police officers know that much of their job is to collect revenue. It’s now apparent, that when given the option to conduct extortion or not, they will choose the latter. Related post: â€Å"Latter,† not â€Å"Ladder† 8. lightening / lightning The word lightening comes from the verb to lighten, â€Å"to make lighter.† An artist can lighten a color. A kindly neighbor can lighten someone’s loneliness. A driver can lighten a load. Dark hair may be lightened by the sun. Lightning is â€Å"the visible discharge of electricity between one group of clouds and another, or between the clouds and the ground.† 9. libel / slander Libel functions as a noun and as a verb. The noun is usually used to mean â€Å"a  published statement damaging to the reputation of a person.† The verb means, â€Å"to defame or discredit by the circulation of libelous statements.† As a noun, slander denotes â€Å"the utterance or dissemination of false statements or reports concerning a person in order to defame or injure that person.† As a verb, slander is â€Å"to spread slanderous reports about.† The legal difference between the two is that libel is written and slander is spoken or conveyed in some other non-written manner. Another error with libel is that the noun (libel) is sometimes used incorrectly in place of the adjective liable, as in this example from a Canadian government site: INCORRECT: The landlord testifies that the tenant became libel for the rent from December 01, 2008 and that he allowed her to move in on November 19, 2008 until December 01 without payment of rent. CORRECT : The landlord testifies that the tenant became liable for the rent from December 01, 2008 and that he allowed her to move in on November 19, 2008 until December 01 without payment of rent. Liable is an adjective that means, â€Å"bound or obliged by law or in accordance with a rule or convention.† Related post: Is it Libel, or is it Slander? 10. lay / lie Some would argue that insisting on the distinction between the verbs lay (to put or to place) and lie (to recline) is beating a dead horse. I continue to insist on the difference because I believe that speakers who are bright enough to want to master a standard form of English are bright enough to learn the difference between these two verbs. Tell your children to lay their homework on the table. Tell your dog he may lie under it. Lay is transitive (has an object). Lie is intransitive (has no object). Related posts: Verb Mistakes #9: Past Tense forms of Lay and Lie Lay vs. Lie: What’s So Hard? Mixing up â€Å"lay† and â€Å"lie† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives "Certified" and "Certificated"Personification vs. Anthropomorphism

Identify business decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Identify business decision - Essay Example At some point these decisions are long term and strategic. In that, writing off debts give the company a competitive advantage in the market. However, it is risky to make such decisions because it affects the revenue of the organization, also it can trigger many conflicts with other departments, particularly the marketing section. In addition, it affects monetary statement by understating a company’s profits. This is a very critical issue for comprehensive auditing and top management and therefore, require many consents from different directors based on approval limits (Piccirillo & Noro, 2008). Furthermore, the strategic nature of the decision require a lot of efforts and determination to collect these debts from customers. Notwithstanding, the importance of the decision require that action should be taken sooner or later since these debts are outstanding from long time, and after taking all necessary action with customers, and sending there documents to court without any hope to receive these amounts. This decision is justified under structure procedure as per the write of policy which came under many steps and legal

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

International Management - Essay Example Hence, global ethics are expected to continue to be a very crucial concern for almost all MNCs. Woods claims that roughly 60,000 MNCs are doing business all over the world at present but that most of them are operating in developing countries (Cullen & Parboteeah 126). MNCs have access to massive human, capital, and economic resources, and this access endows influence and authority that restricts the capacity of the governments of developing countries to control these multinationals. In certain instances, these governments are not eager to control because they are taking into consideration the value of foreign investment for their countries (Cullen & Parboteeah 126-7). MNCs are thus being investigated for their capacity to carry out ethical practices when confronted with this kind of power. Besides the possibility of being condemned for unethical practices and sustaining damage in reputation and loss of public support, new studies confirm that doing business in an ethical way has numerous advantages for multinationals. An evaluation of different studies by researchers reveals that responsible and ethical multinationals have greater advantages in numerous parts, including predicted future financial outcome; stock market returns; stock market value; firm market value; and overall financial performance. Ethical MNCs hence experience more favorable financial outcomes (Kaptein 982). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept that is largely related to corporate/organizational ethics. CSR is defined by Trudel and Cotte (2009) as â€Å"a decision by the company’s management to consider the impact their decisions will have on their customers, employees, suppliers and communities, as well as their shareholders† (as cited in Babetti 4). Cedillo-Torres and colleagues (2012) argued that CSR involves several interrelated aspects rooted in societal, ethical, legal, and

Highlighting mitchells and butlers strategic

Highlighting mitchells and butlers strategic Executive Summary This report is aimed at highlighting Mitchells and Butlers strategic choices through the analysis of its internal and external environment. A number of measurement tools were used in order to express this. The report firstly looks into the external environment in which the organisation is involved with. The external analysis was split into two different sections: The macro environment and the microenvironment. A PESTLE analysis was used for the macro environment as this captures all the factors that affect Mitchells and Butlers, of which none of them they can control. To analyse the microenvironment Porters five forces model was used as this highlights all the factors that can have a direct effect on an organisation. Following the Internal Analysis the report then looks at the internal logistics of the business. Looking internally into Mitchells and Butler identified many aspects of the business such as its resources and capabilities, competitive advantage, core competencies and the stage the company is at with regards to the life cycle. All these differing aspects will then help to identify the strategic choices available to Mitchells and Butler. The report then looks at the financial side of the organisation using three financial statements: Cash Flow, Balance Sheet and 5 year income statement. These are analysed to review sales trends and profit trends. A SWOT Analysis has been drawn out which helped in the completion of the TOWS matrix. The TOWS matrix combined with the SFA model identify areas where Mitchells and Butler can grow. To conclude the report, all the data was collected and analysed to suggest short, medium and long term plans for Mitchells and Butler. Introduction. This report is the second part of a two part report which will analyse both the internal and external factors that influence the Mitchells and Butlers organisation. A strategic analysis of the company has already been carried, which can be seen in Appendix 1. It involved carrying out analysis on the vision, mission, values and objectives of M+B. This report will focus on the strategies that Mitchells and Butler implement in order to grow. The report will firstly look at the Micro and Macro external environment using tools such as PESTLE, SWOT, Porters five forces model and competitor gap analysis which will combine to give a competitor analysis. Once the external analysis is complete the report will then focus its attention on the internal analysis. This will involve analysing Mitchells and Butlers core competencies by conducting a portfolio analysis. Based upon these analysis the report will then finish with recommendations of the future strategic choice and direction of the company followed by a short, medium and long term plan for Mitchells and Butlers. The business report will use David F (1988) comprehensive strategic management model as a guideline in order to cover all aspects of the strategic report. As mentioned above Vision and mission statements have already been analysed, th erefore this report will start on performing both internal and external audits. 1. External Analysis â€Å"A companys marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing managements ability to develop and maintain successful relationships with its target customers. Successful companies know the vital importance of constantly watching and adapting to the companies environment†. (Kotler, P et al. 2008) 1.1 Macro Environment Carrying out external analysis allows firms to adapt quickly to the changing environment. The macro environment is the â€Å"complete social context in which the organisation resides†. Carrol, A + Buchholtz, A (2008) Kotler, P et al. (2008) also includes that it is the larger societal forces that affect the whole microenvironment. He states that there are six major forces in a companys macro environment: Political Economic Social Technological Legal Environmental 1.2 PESTLE Analysis PESTEL analysis categorises the factors that effect an organisation externally. Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2005) note that many of these factors are linked. When one factor changes it can have a knock on effect on other factors. As these factors change they affect the competitive environment in which the organisation operates in, as a result it is crucial that organisations are aware of the changes in the external environment. Political Licensing Laws- Mitchells and Butlers have a minimum requirement to follow all licensing laws lay down by the government. If at any time they come in breach of these licenses they place themselves in serious jeopardy with the federal agencies. Smoking Ban- The smoking ban, introduced in July 2007, had a serious effect on all of Mitchells and Butlers managed pubs and restaurants. The ban meant that no establishment was to allow smoking in any of its premises. Economic Unemployment- With the UK, along with the rest of the world, going further and further into a recession, companies look to try and cut costs by lowering the number of staff, therefore unemployment rises. A report written in the TimesOnline website by Grà ¡inne Gilmore in February 2009 highlights some facts and figures which can affect consumers disposable income. In it he states that unemployment rose close to two million and predictions have been made that the figure could rise to three million by next year, the highest level since 1986. Tax Increase- With taxes expected to rise in January 2010, consumer spending will slow down. Inflation The rise of inflation makes it harder for people to borrow as the banks Social Social Responsibility As the leading operator of managed pubs and pub restaurants in the UK, Mitchells and Butlers has a commitment to give the responsible retailing of alcohol. Mitchells and Butlers established a policy for retailing alcohol in a responsible manner. This ensures that all of their licensed premises are operated responsibly. Under age Drinking Mitchells and Butlers launched the â€Å"Challenge 21† campaign, which was aimed at stopping/ reducing the number of under aged drinkers in their managed premises a. Healthy Eating Due to the increased awareness of healthy eating through government ad campaigns, celebrity chefs etc Mitchells and Butlers has to be aware of the varying attitudes towards healthy eating. As a result they offer a wide variety of dishes on there menus across all their differing brands. They look to offer a good choice of healthy options at the same time as offering more indulgent dishes. Mitchells and Butlers are continually creating fresh dishes with an emphasis on nutritional value. Legal Minimum Wage The National Minimum wage was introduced 10 years ago and has increased 5.5% year. Mitchells and Butler must comply with the minimum pay levels for each age group to comply with the law. Health and Safety at Work act 1974 The Act is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in the United Kingdom. (hse.gov.uk, 2009) Mitchells and Butlers must ensure that they enforce the health and safety of both there workforce and their customers. Environmental Weather Due to the varying weather conditions throughout the whole year, Mitchells and Butlers should be constantly aware of the effects good and bad weather can have on there outlets. Recycling Due to raised awareness of pollution in the environment and the effects of waste Mitchells and Butlers have to show there commitment in creating as little waste as possible, and where possible recycle as much of their waste as possible. They also have a commitment to reducing there carbon footprint which can be done by the recycling of used cooking oil which is then converted into bio-diesel. 1.3 Microenvironment â€Å"The microenvironment consists of the actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers: the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries,rs and publics†. Kotler, P et al. (2008) It is the environment with components that have specific and immediate implications for managing the organisation. Decisions made involving the microenvironment have a direct effect on the organisation. It can be controlled by the company and analysis at this level is firm specific. Xu, J.(2005) There are many models that can help firms to measure the position they are in within their environment. 1.4 Porters Five Forces The Objective of performing industry analysis is to develop an organisations competitive advantage in order to be more successful than its competitors. The way in which this can be done is by using Porters Five Forces Model. ( Lynch, 2003) In it he identifies the five basic forces that can have an effect on an organisation. Bargaining power Threat of Of suppliers new entrants The report will now go into further detail of each threat, identifying the different aspects of each factor and the affect they could have on Mitchells and Butler. Threat of Entry With Mitchells and Butlers being the leading operator of managed pubs and pub restaurants, they must be aware of any potential threats that may arise from new entries in the market. The industry in which Mitchells and Butlers operates is one where barriers to entry are very low and therefore easy for new organisations to enter the market. However due to the sheer size of the organisation they have an automatic advantage over any new entries. Economies of Scale Mitchells and Butlers are in the position to gain economies of scale due to the number of managed outlets they have. With around 2,000 businesses they have the ability to lower the costs of products because of the amount they will be ordering at one time. Experience Mitchells and Butlers has been operating as an independent division since 2003 but it history dates back to 1898. This unparalleled experience of the pub industry accounts for invaluable knowledge and experience which can help in the development and growth of the organisation. Customer Loyalty With over 2000 outlets built mainly in residential areas Mitchells and Butlers will have built up a high level of customer loyalty. This makes it increasingly difficult for new competitors to establish a loyal customer base for themselves. It is evident however that not everyone is within close proximity to a Mitchells and Butlers unit and therefore consumers will be loyal to a different business. Product Differentiation Mitchells and Butlers understand the importance of product differentiation and aim to deliver products of the highest quality at the lowest possible prices. It also prides itself on customer service, displaying just how important they feel it is. Mitchells and Butlers also drive to promote its own brands in order to create product differentiation. Bargaining Power of Buyers Concentration of buyers With Mitchells and Butlers being in a market with a huge amount of potential buyers then it is in complete power with what price to set. If the buyers are not happy with the price then they simply have to go elsewhere as the market is big enough to attract more customers. However Mitchells and Butlers can not set the price at whatever they choose as the fierce competition in the market drives prices down and they have to compete with there rivals for customers. Product Differentiation With so many other options available for the buyer Mitchells and Butlers has to be able to differentiate itself from the rest of the market. They do this buy offering the highest quality at the lowest possible prices. It also prides itself on customer service, displaying just how important they feel it is. Mitchells and Butlers also drive to promote its own brands in order to create product differentiation. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Mitchells and Butlers is in a very strong position when it comes to its bargaining power with its suppliers. They are the leading operator in managed pubs and pubs restaurants with the largest market share. Suppliers will have to listen to what they are demanding or else they face loosing a huge amount of revenue. Threat of Substitutes Products or services There is a large threat of substitutes that are available from supermarkets. The off trade market that is now available to potential consumers is a huge threat to Mitchells and Butlers. With the constant promotion of alcoholic beverages from the large supermarket chains such as Tescos, Sainsburys and Morrisons means that Mitchells and Butlers have to differentiate themselves from this market and establish themselves as offering an experience and a service rather than just solely a product. The supermarkets also advertise deals such as â€Å" TWO CAN DINE IN FOR  £10†. This such advertisement was ran by MS. Being a differentiated product will entice potential consumers towards it. Threat of Rivalry In a market where growth is slow and competition very high, Mitchells and Butlers have created rivalry by becoming the leading operator in its markets and taking a lot of customers from its competitors. However it does not face rivalry from small independent outlets as they focus their attention away from the big rivals. The way in which Mitchells and Butlers create rivalry is by the pricing policy on drinks. Being the leading operator in managed pubs means that they are able to buy in bulk reducing the costs of products. With relation to food Mitchells and Butlers has a variety of brands that are in varying markets that can capture different customers with the varying levels of quality and price. For example the harvester brand is aimed at the lower end of the market, whereas the Browns brand is at the other end of the spectrum, catering for the higher end customers. 2.0 Internal Analysis The process of performing an internal analysis is similar to that of an external analysis. Representative managers and employees from throughout the firm need to be involved in determining a firms strengths and weaknesses. The internal analysis involves collecting information about the firms management, marketing, finance and operations. The gathering of this information is a great benefit to managers and employees as they get to know how their work affects other areas and activities of the organisation. Performing an internal analysis is an excellent way of improving the process of communication within an organisation. (David, 1999) 2.1Portfolio Analysis Campbell et al (2002 p. 107) defines a portfolio analysis as an â€Å"Underpinning concept that is a need for a business to spread its opportunity and risk. A broad portfolio signifies that a business has a presence in a wide range of product and market sectors. Conversely, a narrow portfolio implies that the organisation operates in only a few or even in one product or market sector. A broad portfolio offers the advantage of robustness in that a downturn in one market will not threaten the whole company† It is essential that Mitchells and Butlers carry out a portfolio analysis as they operate in many different markets resulting in a number of different cashflows from there brands. 2.2 BCG Matrix The Boston consultancy matrix identifies the relationship between market share and growth of a business. It offers a way of examining a companys portfolio of product and market interests. (Campbell et al 2002) Market Share Stars Question Marks Cash Cows Dogs Mitchells and Butler would be classed as a cash cow. Being the leading operator in managed pubs they have the largest share of the market. However the market in which they are positioned is one that is maturing. Growth for Mitchells and Butlers is slow and the condition of the market is stable. Below is a diagram which converts the BCG matrix into the product life cycle. Internet Accessed via: There are many brands associated with Mitchells and Butler which are in varying stages of their life cycle. The next stage of the report is to show an example of brands in there different stages of the life cycle. The use of this is that it allows Mitchells and Butlers to identify which of their brands are in the decline stage and come up with either new strategies/ products in order for it to grow again. 2.3 The Life Cycle Model 2.4GE-McKinsey Matrix An alternative way in which to evaluate the portfolio of an organisation is by a directional policy matrix/ GE-McKinsey matrix. This matrix categorises an organisations business units into those with good prospects and those with less good prospects. The matrix positions units according to how attractive the market is in which they operate and secondly through the competitive strength of the SBU in that market. (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, R. 2009) 2.5 Resource Based view of Mitchells and Butler The resource based view of a firm is a model of an organisations performance that focuses solely on the resources and capabilities controlled by a firm as sources of competitive advantage. (Wernerfelt, B. 1984, cited in Barney, J Hesterley, W. 2006) Resources are defined as the tangible and intangible assets that an organisation controls whereas capabilities are a â€Å"subset of a firms resources and are defined as tangible and intangible assets that enable a firm to take full advantage of other resources it controls†.( Barney, J Hesterley, W. 2006. p.76) Barney Hesterley (2006) also state that there are four main categories in which resources and capabilities can be classified into four main sub categories: Financial resources, Physical resources, Human resources and organisational resources. M B Financial resources and Capabilities Two loans: One of  £2.3 billion which is secured against the assets and cash flow of he business. The second is an unsecured loan of  £550 million from a number of major banks. Cash generated through sales of products and services. M B Physical resources and Capabilities Property, plant and equipment. Computer Software. Leases: Both operating leases and financial leases. Reputation M B Human resources and Capabilities Operated by an experienced senior management team. Committed to training and investing in their employees to enable them to develop their skills and experience. M B Organisational resources and Capabilities Relationships between the different levels of management. Clear communication Importance of team building in each business unit. Experience of senior management. Training programmes at operational level. Mitchells and Butler use their capabilities to turn their resources into products or services. For instance it uses its reputation to increase its financial resources. 2.6 Core Competencies â€Å"Core competencies are the skills and abilities by which resources are deployed through an organisations activities and processes such as to achieve competitive advantage in ways that others cannot imitate or obtain†. (Johnson, Scholes, and Whittington, 2008. p. 97) This is no more important than in a recession, Mitchells and Butlers needs to focus on its core competencies in order to cerate competitor advantage and steal, what is, a diminishing number of, customers. 2.7 The VRIO Framework VRIO is an acronym for 4 questions that can be used in order to assess the competitive advantage that can be gained from resources and capabilities. The VRIO framework allows an organisation to assess its resources and capabilities potential to create a competitive advantage. †( Barney, J Hesterley, W. 2006. p.76) The Question of Value Mitchells and Butlers uses its resources and capabilities in order to create competitive advantage and stay the leading operator in managed pubs and restaurants. Its organisational resources and capabilities has equated to the acquiring of 239 pub restaurants from Whitbread plc in 2006. The financial capabilities plus experience of management team means that they can cope in a period of financial downturn. The Question of Rarity With Mitchells and Butler being in such a saturated market where growth is very slow and product differentiation hard to achieve then its physical resources and capabilities create very little competitive advantage. It is its organisational, human and financial resources that create it. The size, experience, knowledge, training, quality, price create competitive advantage over a long period of time. The Question of Inimitability This question aims at identifying an organisations strength against any competitors trying to imitate their products or services. For Mitchells and Butler although it may be easy to copy its tangible resources, it is certainly not easy to imitate their intangible capabilities. With over 100 years of experience in the pub trade gives them invaluable experience and knowledge of the industry. The senior management team has over 15 years of experience and the board of executive directors have worked on the strategy and development of Mitchells Butlers since 1995. (mbplc.com â€Å"our management†) [Cited 14/12/2009] The Question of Organisation Although Mitchells and Butler may have competitive advantage with its resources and capabilities, in the above three questions, it can not continually create a competitive advantage unless they are an organised company. The senior management team must work together in order to create systems, policies and procedures in which each individual unit runs at its optimum level. This is done by vertical communication between the varying different levels of operation. 2.8Value-Chain Analysis A Value chain â€Å"is the set of business activities in which a firm engages in to develop, produce, and market its product or services†. † (Barney, J Hesterley, W. 2006. p.83) 3.0 Financial Information 3.1 Cash Flow Statement The cash flow statement can be seen in appendix 3. 3.2 Balance Sheet The balance sheet is available in appendix 4. 3.3 5 year Income Statement Available in Appendix 5. From analysing the above financial information, one can draw the major trends from the financial year 2008. Sales Trend Analysing the 5 year review one can see a major difference in the sales trend. Turnover has increased to  £1,908 million over the year which is a 0.7% increase over the financial year. However Profit Trend Although there was an increase in revenue there was a significant decrease in operating profit. From the previous year there is a huge drop from  £309 million to  £131 million a gap of  £178 million. A reason for this could be due to the amount of money they had to repay on a loan they took out to cover the costs of an abandoned joint venture. Mitchells and Butler decided to reduce its level of â€Å"unsecured medium term debt†. (mbplc.com. 2009) Looking at the 5 year report one can see that the dividend pay out was  £18 million, compared to the previous 4 years ,it is on average around  £33 million less. To do this they paid an interim dividend of 4.55p per share which is represented on the income statement. This was paid on the 27th June 2009. The short-term loan of  £550m has to be paid down to  £400m by the end of 2009 and then down to  £300m by the end of 2010. Mitchells and Butler have managed to get the loan amount down to  £475 million. The organisation is aiming to bring capital expenditure down to  £120 million whilst selling some of its pubs along the way. This is a way in which they will pay back the  £550 million loan, however it will have a huge effect on the size of the business and its net profit in the next financial year. (Hall, 2009) Below is a list of further trends that were available from the corporate profile September 2009. Major Trends 2008 Turnover-  £1,908m up 0.7% EBITDA-  £477m up 1.1% Operating profit-  £343m Profit before tax-  £179m down 13.5% Earnings per share- 31.5p down 11.3% Before exceptional terms and IAS 39 movements. Source mbplc.com- corporate profile September 2009 (Appendix 6) 3.4 Balanced Scorecard Financial L4L growth turnover and profit, ROI on investment and acquisition, total capital expended, rent/lease review uplifts, assignment premiums Internal Business Processes Mitchells and Butler have both long and short hold leases. IT systems Mitchells Butlers is reliant on its IT systems to trade efficiently and to ensure that appropriate controls are in place Learning and Growth Graduate Programs are in place for two different areas: The Corporate Graduate Scheme and the Retail Graduate Scheme Training given at all operational levels. Employees must be able to work to the standards set by the Mitchells and Butler legacy. Customer Service Standards Service standards have a huge impact on Mitchells and Butlers success. Service standards are a key element in the choice of consumers pub. Employee satisfaction survey, retailer satisfaction survey, Now to Wow, mystery customer, retailer complaint levels, customer complaint levels Strengths Financial ability Market share Management Team Knowledge and Experience within the industry. Diversity of customers through differentiated markets. Training schemes. Brand name Good understanding of customers needs Weaknesses Massive amounts of cost implications. Hard to differentiate products and services. High level of debt Dire trade outlook Opportunities Smoking ban Increase in the eating out market. Cheap pubs available for acquisition. Increase customer base by going â€Å"green†. Comply with all environmental issues. Threats Smoking ban Regulations Staying in is the new going out Recession Decrease in leisure pound Increase in the off trade market New Legislations Bad press from binge drinking Competition Low barriers of entry. Current disagreements between board members. 3.5SWOT Analysis 4.0 Strategic Choice In order for MB to develop further, they must look at the different strategic options. They need to ask themselves 5 questions: What do we want in life? On WHAT basis are we to compete? WHEN do we implement these? WHICH direction? HOW? Patton, F(2009) 4.1 Porters Generic Strategies Porters two parameters: â€Å"a company can seek to compete† and the market in which a company seeks to compete can be broad or narrow, led him to construct the three generic strategies seen below. (Thomson, 2001) Patton, F (2009) Porters model of generic strategies. Adapted from Porter, M(1985) Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Mitchells and Butlers uses the Differentiation strategy. It offers a range of differentiated products across a number of markets. The different brands in the organisation ensure that they appeal to the whole market. A way of expressing how MB use the differentiated strategy is to look at the different brands and the markets they operate in. Cost/ Price Focus: Crown Carveries- â€Å"Top quality carvery meals at great prices†¦..† Differentiation Focus Harvester â€Å"Family-friendly restaurants serving freshly-prepared grills, spit-roasts and fish dishes and the famous salad cart, included with every meal†. Cost Leadership Ember Inns â€Å"Quality local pubs providing customers with a relaxed home from home and a great range of cask ales, wines and tempting, traditional pub food favourites with a modern twist†. (Internet accessed via [Cited 14/12/2009] 4.2 Strategy Clock The strategy clock was developed by Cliff Bowman. The clock is based around price and the perceived value the customer will gain from the product or service. Mitchells and Butlers can use the strategic clock to choose where they wish to position a brand or business unit. It represents different positions in a market where potential customers have different requirements in terms of value for money. (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008. p224) Mitchells and Butler are positioned between the hybrid and differentiation stage. They aim to provide products and services that are different to that of their competitors in a range of different markets however in certain brands e.g. harvester their strategy is to offer lower cost meals. For a more in depth explanation of Bowmans strategy clock please see Appendix 6. 4.3 The Ansoff matrix Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, R (2009) state that the Ansoff matrix provides a simple way of showing the four different directions of strategic development. They state that an organisation starts in the top left hand box. It then has a choice between penetrating further within its existing sphere, move to the right and develop new products for its existing markets; moving downwards bringing its existing products into new markets: or move diagonally down, which involves full diversification where the organisation enters new markets with new products. Adapted from Ansoff, H (1988) The diagram above was taken from an internet site: http://strategyiseverywhere. However the model is exactly the same across all literature. Mitchells and Butlers strategic development direction is one which uses market penetration, market development and Product Development. Market Penetration Market penetration involves the organisation taking an increased share of its existing markets with the same product range. It does not involve an organisation having to venture into unfamiliar territory. The advantage of market penetration is that it increases power over both suppliers and buyers. (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, R 2009) Mitchells and Butlers used market penetration as a growth strategy by building, buying and acquiring more and more pubs. It is now the leader in managed pubs and pub restaurants within the industry with around 2,000 businesses. Market Development Market development involves an organisation offering existing products to new m

Critique of Quantitative Research Article Essay

Research Critique, Part 2: Critique of Quantitative Research Article The population who are diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often experience daytime drowsiness and are at risk for ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, hypertension, and other vascular related problems (Hsu et al., 2007). There are several treatment options for people with OSA, which are weight loss, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), dental appliances, and surgical procedure. This study evaluates patients who have undergone uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) to determine improvement and changes in surgical parameters of their upper airway using quantitative videoendoscopic computer-assisted measurement (CAM) in hopes of showing improvement in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Protection of Human Participants The authors describe this study as prospective in design. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of UPPP, a surgical procedure for OSA, on patients who had surgery six months prior (Hsu et al., 2007). It is presumed every patient gave consent for the surgical procedure. An assumption may be made that subjects were voluntary for the post surgical study because there was no mention of further consents. It is not stated that this study had approval from an institutional review board from the agency. The 19 male patients participated in overnight pre and postoperative non-invasive polysomnnographic studies (PSG). These tests include the Epworth sleepiness scale recording, CAM of upper airway, and bio-data recording. PSG entails electroencephalogram (EEG), submental electromyogram (EMG), anterior tibialis EMG, electrocardiogram (ECG), thoraco-abdominal motion, oronasal airflow (expired CO2), arterial oxygen saturation with pulse oximetry, and electrooculography (EOG). Images were recorded for comparison evaluation postoperatively. The mean age of the subjects was 40.6 years with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 29.4, all who had UPPP after failing the CPAP trial and other medical methods. Data Collection and Analysis The major variables were labeled in association with the endoscopic photographs from the computer-assisted measurement (CAM) airway analysis at the retropalatal level with calibrator in regards to showing airway dimensions in both pre and postoperative images (Hsu et al., 2007). There was no sign of manipulation of these variables other than from the postoperative images. The research team compiled the data to show the regression data of UPPP surgery were considerably correlated with postoperative improvement. This method of data collection was used to analyze the correlation between modifications in surgical parameters and the postoperative status of OSA patients. The six-month postoperative, patients again underwent PSG, Epworth sleepiness scale recording, CAM of upper airway, and bio-data analysis. A total of eight videoendoscopic images were taken of all 19 subjects. Patients were analyzed during quiet respiration and Mueller’s maneuver in both supine and erect positions at the retropalatal and retrolingual levels. The Mueller’s maneuver is a non-invasive procedure using fiber optic endoscopic evaluation that measures both size, shape, and collapsibility of the upper airway (Friedman, 2009). Images were captured using a videocapture card, which was installed into the computer along with digital imaging software. Transverse and longitudinal dimensions, as well as surface areas were measured using digital software to calculate the collapsibility of obstructive sites of the upper airway. Comparison was made between pre and postoperative images, which show significant improvement of the retropalatal area by 70% (Hsu et al., 2007). Data Management and Analysis The author indicates that the researcher who performed the upper airway measurements was not privy to patient information whether they were of preoperative or postoperative status (Hsu et al., 2007). Following UPPP, the importance (p

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